Reference list
<font color ="red"> Review papers </font>
Andrews, J.T. (1998), Abrupt changes (Heinrich events) in late Quaternary North Atlantic marine environments: A history and review of data and concepts, Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 3-16.
Andrews, J.T. and Barber, D.C. (2002), Dansgaard-Oeschger events: Is there a signal off the Hudson Strait ice stream? Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 443-454.
Hemming, S.R. (2004), Heinrich events: Massive Late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint, Review of Geophysics, 42, 2003RG000128.
Rahmstorf, S. (2002) Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years. Nature 419, 207-214.
Voelker, A.H.L. and workshop participants (2002), Global distribution of centennial-scale records for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3: a database, Quaternary Science Reviews, 21, 1185-1212.
Processes
Alley, R.B. and MacAyeal, D.R. (1994), Ice-rafted debris associated with binge purge oscillations of the Laurentide ice sheet, Paleoceanography, 9, 503-511.
Broecker, W.S., Bond, G.C., Klas, M., Clark, E. and McManus, J.F. (1992), Origin of the northern Atlantic s Heinrich events, Climate Dynamics, 6, 265-273.
Clark, P.U., Marshall, S.J., Clarke, G.K.C., Hostetler, S.W., Licciardi, J.M. and Teller, J.T. (2001), Freshwater forcing of abrupt climate change during the last glaciation, Science, 293, 283-287.
Clark, P.U., Pisias, N.G., Stocker, T.F. and Weaver, A.J. (2002), The role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change, Nature, 415, 863-869.
Clarke, G.K.C., Marshall, S.J., Hillaire-Marcel, C., Bilodeau, G. and Veiga-Peres, C. (1999), A glaciological perspective on Heinrich events, in Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, Geophysical Monograph Series, vol. 112, edited by P.U. Clark, R.S. Webb, and L.D. Keigwin, pp. 243-262, AGU, Washington, D.C.
Hulbe, C.L., MacAyeal, D.R., Denton, G.H., Kleman, J. and Lowell, T.V. (2004), Catastrophic ice shelf breakup as the source of Heinrich event icebergs, Paleoceanography, 19, 10.1029/2003PA000890.
Johnson, R.G. and Lauritzen, S.E. (1995), Hudson Bay-Hudson Strait jokulhlaups and Heinrich events: A hypothesis, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 117, 123-137.
Kaspi, Y., Sayag, R. and Tziperman, E. (2004), A "triple sea-ice state" mechanism for the abrupt warming and synchronous ice sheet collapses during Heinrich events, Paleoceanography, 19, 10.1029/2004PA001009.
Keeling, R.F. and Visbeck, M. (2005), Northern ice discharges and Antarctic warming: Could ocean eddies provide the link? Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, 1809-1820.
MacAyeal, D.R. (1993), Binge/purge oscillations of the Laurentide ice sheet as a cause of the North Atlantic s Heinrich events, Paleoceanography, 12, 255-269.
Marshall, S.J. and Clarke, G.K.C. (1997), A continuum mixture model of ice stream thermodynamics in the Laurentide ice sheet: 2. Application to the Hudson Strait ice stream, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 20615-20637.
Moros, M., Kuijpers, A., Snowball, I., Lassen, S., Backstrom, D., Gingele, F. and McManus, J. (2002), Were glacial iceberg surges in the North Atlantic triggered by climatic warming? Marine Geology, 192, 393-417.
Verbitsky, M. and Saltzman, B. (1995), A diagnostic analysis of Heinrich glacial surge events, Paleoceanography, 10, 59-65.
Key paleoclimate records
Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, W., Labeyrie, L., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clasen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonani, G. and Ivy, S. (1992), Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic ocean during the last glacial period, Nature, 360, 245-249.
Bond, G.C. and Lotti, R. (1995), Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millenial time scales during the last glaciation, Science, 267, 1005-1010.
Broecker, W.S. (1994), Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change, Nature, 372, 421-424.
Grousset, F.E., Pujol, C., Labeyrie, L., Auffret, G. and Boelaert, A. (2000), Were the North Atlantic Heinrich events triggered by the behavior of the European ice sheets? Geology, 28, 123-126.
Grousset, F.E., Cortijo, E., Huon, S., Herve, L., Richter, D., Burdloff, D., Duprat, J. and Weber, O. (2001), Zooming in on Heinrich layers, Paleoceanography, 16, 240-259.
Heinrich, H. (1988), Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years, Quaternary Research, 29, 142-152.
Jennerjahn, T.C., Ittekkot, V., Arz, H.W., Behling, H., Patzold, J. and Wefer, G. (2004), Asynchronous terrestrial and marine signals of climate change during Heinrich events, Science, 306, 2236-2239.
Kanfoush, S.L., Hodell, D.A., Charles, C.D., Guilderson, T.P., Mortyn, P.G. and Ninnemann, U.S. (2000), Millennial-scale instability of the Antarctic ice sheet during the last glaciation, Science, 288, 1815-1818.
McManus, J.F., Francois, R., Gherardi, J-M., Keigwin, L.D. and Brown-Leger, S. (2004), Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes, Nature, 428, 834-837.
Sachs, J. P. and Anderson, R.F. (2005), Increased productivity in the subantarctic ocean during Heinrich events, Nature, 434, 1118-1121.
Model Results (both simple and GCM)
Ganopolski, A. and S. Rahmstorf, (2001) Simulation of rapid glacial climate changes in a coupled climate model. Nature, 409, 153-158.
Manabe, S., R. Stouffer, (1988) Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Clim. 1, 841-866.
Marotzke, J. and Willebrand, J. (1991), Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1372-1385.
Prange, M., Lohmann, G., Romanova, V. and Butzin, M (2004), Modelling tempo-spatial signatures of Heinrich Events: Influence of the climatic background state. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 521-527.
Rahmstorf, S. and J. Willebrand, (1995), The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanog., 25,787-805.
Roche, D., Paillard, D. and Cortijo, E. (2004), Constraints on the duration and freshwater release of Heinrich event 4 through isotopic modeling, Nature, 432, 379-382.
Shaffer, G., Olsen, S.M. and Bjerrum, C.J. (2004), Ocean subsurface warming as a mechanism for coupling Dansgaard-Oeschger climate cycles and ice-rafting events, Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 10.1029/2004GL020968.
Cai, W. J. Syktus, H. B. Gordon, and S. O Farrell, (1997), Response of a global coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice climate model to an imposed North Atlantic high latitude freshening. J. Clim., 10, 929-948.
Clement, A. C., M. A. Cane, R. Seager (2001), An Orbitally driven tropical source for abrupt climate change, J. Clim., 14, 2369-2375.
Gildor, H. and E. Tziperman, (2003), Sea-ice switches and abrupt climate change. Phil.Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 361, 1935-1944.
Recent Speculation
Wunsch, C. (2005) Abrupt Climate Change. An Alternate View. Unpublished, on his website.
Seager, R., and D. Battisti (2005), Challenges to our understanding of the general circulation: abrupt climate change. Unpublished, David Battisti web site.

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