An alternative to global/regional high-resolution modeling is to utilize nesting (one-way or two-way) in the region of interest within a coarse-resolution  model. In particular, a high-resolution domain of the tropics nested in a coarse-resolution global model is extremely useful. The global model is known to suffer less from deficiencies in cumulus parameterizations in the extratropics because of strong dynamical control there. Whereas, high-resolution inside tropics helps to start resolving various features including organized convection with multi-scale properties (e.g., mesoscale clusters and synoptic-scale superclusters) . This approach of global nested domains, allows full tropical-extratropical interactions with a better treatment of tropical convection and much more computational efficiency than a global high-resolution model.  Such an  approach  has been adopted  for future climate projections using CAM and WRF. Another approach is to have tropical channel models (TCMs, e.g., Ray et al. 2009; Holland et al. 2009), which are a particular type of nested regional climate model. The TCMs are zonally global but meridionally confined, and more controllable than global cloud resolving models (CRMs). The advantage of a TCM over a regular regional model is the fact that the TCM can isolate the boundary effects that arrive solely from the extratropics.  Thus, a TCM can effectively quantify extratropical effects such as propagation of Rossby waves on large-scale organization, as well as the upscale cascade of energy and momentum within the tropics.

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